Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Osborn Memorial Laboratories, 203.432.3837
http://eeb.yale.edu
M.S., Ph.D.

Chair
David Vasseur

Professors Casey Dunn, Erika Edwards, Vanessa Ezenwa, Walter Jetz, Martha Muñoz, Thomas Near, C. Brandon Ogbunu, David Post, Jeffrey Powell, Richard Prum, Alison SweeneyPaul Turner, David Vasseur

Affiliated Professors Richard Bribiescas (Anthropology), Craig Brodersen (School of the Environment), Nicholas Christakis (Sociology), Liza Comita (School of the Environment), Forrest Crawford (Public Health), Nathan Grubaugh (Epidemiology), Vivian Irish (Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology), James Noonan (Genetics), Eric Sargis (Anthropology), Oswald Schmitz (School of the Environment), David Skelly (School of the Environment), Jeffrey Townsend (Public Health), Serena Tucci (Anthropology)

Assistant Professors Jennifer Coughlan, Martina Dal Bello, Eric Slessarev, Michelle Wong

Lecturers Adalgisa Caccone, Gordon Geballe, Joshua Moyer, Linda Puth

Research Scientists Mary Beth Decker, Annise Dobson

Fields of Study

The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (E&EB) offers training programs in organismal biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree

Each entering student, in consultation with the faculty Entry Committee, develops a specific program of courses, seminars, laboratory research, and independent reading tailored to the student’s interests, background, and goals. There are normally no foreign language requirements. The course requirements to advance to candidacy in E&EB are:

  1. EEB 6500* and EEB 6501,* Advanced Topics in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology;
  2. EEB 6545,* a course on the responsible conduct of research;
  3. weekly E&EB seminars;
  4. symposia of faculty and graduate student research;
  5. two research rotations (EEB 6901,* Research Rotation I, and EEB 6902,* Research Rotation II) in the first two years; and
  6. a minimum of three additional graduate-level courses (numbered 5500 and above) with a grade of Honors in at least two of these.

Teaching experience is regarded as an integral part of the graduate training program. All students are required to teach three courses, typically during their first three years of study. Students who require additional support from the graduate school may be required to teach additional terms after they have fulfilled the academic teaching requirement.

By the middle of the fourth term of study, each student organizes a formal pre­prospectus consultative meeting with the student’s advisory committee to discuss the planned dissertation research. Before the beginning of the fifth term, students present and defend their planned dissertation research at a prospectus meeting, at which the department determines the viability and appropriateness of the student’s Ph.D. proposal. A successful prospectus meeting and completion of course requirements results in admission to candidacy for the Ph.D. The prospectus is held by the end of the fourth semester. Following admission to candidacy, the student must hold committee meetings at least once a year and remain in good academic standing by showing significant progress on their thesis project. The final requirements for a Ph.D. include completion, presentation, and successful defense of the dissertation, and submission of copies of the dissertation to the graduate school and to the Marx Science and Social Science Library.

In some cases, such as when there is extensive field work, the prospectus meeting can be delayed by one term. A request for a delay must come from the dissertation committee adviser and must be approved by the DGS. In these exceptional cases, admission to candidacy may not be required for registration for the third year of graduate study.

Honors Requirement

Students must meet the graduate school’s requirement of Honors in two courses by the end of the fourth term of study. The E&EB department also requires an average grade of at least High Pass in coursework during the first two years of study.

Master’s Degree

M.S. (en route to the Ph.D.) The course requirements for the M.S. are the same those as for advancing to candidacy in the Ph.D. program except that an M.S. does not require successful completion of a prospectus meeting.


Additional information on the department, faculty, courses, and facilities is available from Kelly Pyers, Registrar, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven CT 06520-8106; kelly.pyers@yale.edu; 203.432.3837; http://eeb.yale.edu.

Courses

EEB 5220a, General EcologyMichelle Wong and David Post

A broad consideration of the theory and practice of ecology, including the ecology of individuals, population dynamics and regulation, community structure, ecosystem function, and ecological interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales. Topics such as climate change, fisheries management, and infectious disease are placed in an ecological context.
MWF 10:30am-11:20am

EEB 5255a, InvertebratesCasey Dunn

An overview of animal diversity that explores themes including animal phylogenetics (evolutionary relationships), comparative studies of evolutionary patterns across species, organism structure and function, and the interaction of organisms with their environments. Most animal lineages are marine invertebrates, so marine invertebrates are the focus of most of the course. Concurrent enrollment in E&EB 5556L is not required.
TTh 11:35am-12:50pm

EEB 5256La, Laboratory for InvertebratesCasey Dunn

The study of invertebrate anatomy and diversity in a laboratory and field setting. Activities include examination of live animals and museum specimens, as well as local field trips. Some field trips fall on weekends. Must be taken concurrently with E&EB 555.  ½ Course cr
Th 1:30pm-4:30pm

EEB 6500a and EEB 6501b, Advanced Topics in Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyVanessa Ezenwa

Topics to be announced. Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory.
M 2:30pm-4:30pm

EEB 6545a, Responsible Conduct of ResearchVanessa Ezenwa

This five-week discussion seminar considers issues related to the responsible conduct of research. Topics addressed include research misconduct, plagiarism, data acquisition and management, mentoring and collaboration, authorship and peer review, the use of animals and humans in scientific research, sexual harassment, diversity, and balancing professional and personal life. Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory.  0 Course cr
HTBA

EEB 6901a or b, Research Rotation IVanessa Ezenwa

Research Rotation I
HTBA

EEB 6902a or b, Research Rotation IIVanessa Ezenwa

Research Rotation II
HTBA

EEB 7520a, The Symmorphosis Debate: How Functionally Optimized are Organisms?Robert Cieri

A central question in evolutionary biology is the extent to which organismal traits are optimized to match functional demands. Early adaptationist approaches often inferred function from form without rigorous testing. Subsequent work emphasized constraints, historical contingency, and nonadaptive processes, complicating simple optimization narratives. In parallel, advances in biomechanics and comparative physiology provided quantitative tools to evaluate organismal performance. This course assesses symmorphosis—the hypothesis that structural design is quantitatively matched to functional demand—as a focal framework for testing optimality in biological systems. A central difficulty in evaluating optimality is that multiple functional demands can be invoked to explain any given trait, and that evidence for optimal or economical design in organisms is often indirect or difficult to quantify. Rather than attempting to assess overall adaptive quality, symmorphosis, as proposed by Ewald Weibel and colleagues, evaluates optimization by examining how closely supply and demand are matched across multiple physiological systems. In this view, “no more structure is formed and maintained than is required to satisfy functional need,” implying that components within a functional pathway are matched in capacity and that no step is systematically overbuilt. Analyses of the vertebrate oxygen cascade provided partial support for this idea, with many internal components appearing matched in capacity, though notable mismatches occur at interfaces such as the lung–environment boundary. In this seminar graduate students are introduced to the adaptation debate in the context of biomechanics and physiology, with a focus on evaluating symmorphosis as a framework for understanding biological optimality. Students learn common approaches for quantifying organismal performance, critically evaluate adaptationist and non-adaptationist explanations, and assess the extent to which functional systems are optimized. They also design and evaluate tests of symmorphosis in biological systems where it has not yet been explicitly applied. The course begins with lectures covering the historical development of the adaptation debate and key empirical evidence, followed by discussion of foundational papers. Students then lead discussions of contemporary studies addressing biological optimization in light of symmorphosis. In the final phase of the seminar, the class collaboratively develops a perspective or review paper on symmorphosis and optimality, with the goal of submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Assessment is based on participation in discussions, leadership of assigned readings, and contributions to the collaborative manuscript.
T 1:30pm-3:25pm

EEB 7713a, Leveraging Novel Technologies and AI for Biodiversity Monitoring and ConservationWalter Jetz

With ever-growing threats to species worldwide, decision-relevant information is needed to empower local communities, businesses, governments, and conservation practitioners to deliver biodiversity outcomes. Rapidly advancing technologies such as visual and acoustic sensors, eDNA, UAV-based survey approaches, community science, GPS-tracking, computer vision and AI-informed organismal detections and identifications, are hailed as central to this goal and as avenues to accelerate our understanding of biodiversity across scales. This year’s EEB 713 course will survey and critically assess novel technological avenues for local wildlife monitoring and species assessment. We will explore their potential to support global biodiversity monitoring at large and to advance ecological concepts. Each week, we will evaluate a different technology arena and discuss its scalability and potential impact in applied and basic ecological contexts. We will focus specifically on the use of these methods in currently understudied regions, such as the tropics, and assess the emerging opportunities, as well as limitations and risks, around overcoming existing information and knowledge biases and inequities. Finally, we will identify the opportunities for integrating different technologies combined with remote sensing to support a more robust monitoring of planetary biodiversity change. The course will consist of faculty, guest, and participant presentations addressing specific themes, followed by group discussions. Course participants will be expected to read literature around both the application and potential broader scientific relevance of new technologies. The course will draw on some of our own engagement in the recent XPrize Rainforest Final and the upcoming CBD COP 16 and will include select guest presentations from these arenas. Target meeting time is W 3pm at 310 Prospect. Meeting time may be changed by consensus.
W 3pm-5pm

EEB 7716a, The Architecture of Evolvability: The Collected Works of Gunter P. WagnerBrandon Ogbunu

This graduate seminar explores the major intellectual contributions of Gunter P. Wagner, Alison Richard Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and one of the most influential evolutionary theorists of the past four decades. Wagner reshaped how biologists think about evolvability, modularity, homology, and developmental constraint by integrating population genetics, developmental biology, comparative methods, and philosophy of biology. The seminar examines his foundational analyses of variational properties and the genotype–phenotype map; his formal treatments of modularity and character identity; and his collaborative work on innovation, robustness, and the origin of novel traits. Through close reading of primary literature, students engage with Wagner’s efforts to unify theory, comparative biology, and molecular approaches into a coherent account of how variation is structured and how biological novelty arises. Designed for students interested in the theoretical foundations of evolutionary biology, the seminar centers on the enduring tension between constraint and innovation in complex biological systems.
T 1:30pm-3:25pm

EEB 7762a / EPS 7762, Ecology of LandformsEric Slessarev

This course is a combined graduate research seminar and research practicum that  explores the linkage between ecological and geomorphic processes—between biology at Earth’s surface and the shape and structure of that surface. This course is centered around two skill-building activities: (1) a series of presentations in which students deliver short mock lectures, lead subsequent discussion, and receive constructive feedback from the class; (2) a series of quantitative workshops (held in alternate weeks) in which the class collaboratively designs and codes a model or model(s) that relate to ecological and geomorphic processes. A primary focus of this course is understanding how biogeochemical cycles play out across hillslopes, watersheds, and fluvial landforms. Depending on student interest we may also address questions relating community ecology, population ecology, or evolutionary processes to landscape structure. Students should expect to hone their presentation skills and quantitative toolset, particularly with respect to spatial analysis and numerical modeling.
T 9:25am-11:20am

EEB 7856a, Special Topics in the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious DiseasesPaul Turner

Historically, pathogens and the diseases they cause were viewed largely from a biomedical perspective focused on interactions between pathogens and their human hosts. However, in the last few decades, the importance of studying pathogens from an ecological and evolutionary perspective has gained significant traction. These perspectives inform our understanding of almost all aspects of pathogen-host interactions from transmission dynamics and zoonotic disease spillover to the evolution of virulence and drug resistance. In this seminar, we dissect current and classic literature on the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Specifically, we: (i) discuss fundamental concepts in the field; (ii) identify persistent knowledge gaps; and (iii) explore opportunities for linkages between ecological, evolutionary, and biomedical perspectives.
HTBA