English Language and Literature
Linsly-Chittenden Hall, 203.432.2233
http://english.yale.edu
M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.
Chair
Caleb Smith
Director of Graduate Studies
Jonathan Kramnick [F] (106a LC, 203.432.2226)
Professors Jessica Brantley, David Bromwich, Ardis Butterfield, Jill Campbell, Joe Cleary, Erica Edwards, Jacqueline Goldsby, Langdon Hammer, Margaret Homans, Cajetan Iheka, Jonathan Kramnick, Pericles Lewis, Stefanie Markovits, Feisal Mohamed, Stephanie Newell, Catherine Nicholson, John Durham Peters, Marc Robinson, Caleb Smith, Katie Trumpener, Shane Vogel, Michael Warner, R. John Williams, Ruth Yeazell
Associate Professors Joseph North, Juno Richards, Emily Thornbury, Sunny Xiang
Assistant Professors Anastasia Eccles, Marcel Elias, Jonathan Howard, Elleza Kelley, Naomi Levine, Joan Lubin, Joseph Miranda, Ernest Mitchell, Priyasha Mukhopadhyay, Nicole Sheriko, Lloyd Sy
Fields of Study
Fields include English language and literature from Old English to the present, American literature, and Anglophone world literature.
Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree
In order to fulfill the basic requirements for the program, a student must:
- Complete twelve courses—six courses with at least one grade of Honors and a maximum of one grade of Pass by July 15 following the first year; at least twelve courses with grades of Honors in at least four of these courses and not more than one Pass by July 15 following the second year. One of these twelve courses must be ENGL 9090, The Teaching of English. Courses selected must include one course in at least three out of four designated historical periods: medieval, early-modern, eighteenth- and/or nineteenth-century, twentieth- and/or twenty-first-century. Students are also encouraged to take at least one seminar that adds geographic, linguistic, cultural, and/or methodological breadth to their course of study. Two of these courses may be taken in other departments with the approval of the DGS.
- Satisfy the language requirement by the end of the second year. Two languages appropriate to the student’s field of specialization, each to be demonstrated by (a) passing a translation exam administered by a Yale language department, at the conclusion of a GSAS Summer Language for Reading course, or (for languages not tested elsewhere at Yale) by the English department; (b) passing an advanced literature course at Yale (graduate or upper-level undergraduate, with director of graduate studies [DGS] approval); or (c) passing both ENGL 6500, Old English I, and ENGL 6501, Old English II, or ENGL 6500 and ENGL 6502, Beowulf and the Beowulf Complex.
- Pass the oral examination before or as early as possible in the fifth term of residence. The exam consists of questions on four topics, developed by the student in consultation with examiners and subject to approval by the DGS.
- Submit a dissertation prospectus, normally by January 15 of the third year.
- Teach a minimum of two terms, since the English department considers teaching an integral part of graduate education. In practice, most students teach between four and six terms.
- Submit a dissertation.
Upon completion of all predissertation requirements, including the prospectus, students are admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D. Admission to candidacy must take place by the end of the third year of study.
Combined Ph.D. Programs
English and Black Studies
The Department of English Language and Literature also offers, in conjunction with the Department of Black Studies, a combined Ph.D. degree in English language and literature and Black studies. All requirements for the Ph.D. in English apply, with the following adjustments.
Coursework In years one and two, a student in the combined program will complete ten seminars in English, including ENGL 9090, The Teaching of English, one course in at least three out of four historical periods (medieval, early-modern, eighteenth- and/or nineteenth-century, twentieth- and/or twenty-first century), and four seminars in Black studies, including AFAM 5005, Theorizing Racial Formations; a history course; a social science course; and a literature course.
Languages Students in the combined program will be required to meet the foreign language requirement for the English Ph.D. degree by the end of the second year.
Qualifying Examination Qualifying oral exams will be administered jointly by the Departments of English and Black Studies, will follow the usual timeline and procedures for oral qualifying exams in English, and must have an Black studies component. A current tenured or ladder faculty member in Black Studies must serve on the qualifying examination committee.
Teaching The faculty in Black Studies and English consider teaching to be an essential component of graduate education, and students therefore will teach, under the supervision of departmental professors, in their third and fourth years.
Prospectus Students in the third year must satisfactorily complete AFAM 8095/AFAM 8096, The Dissertation Prospectus Workshop. Each student will be required to present his or her dissertation prospectus orally to the Black Studies faculty and to submit a written prospectus draft by the end of the spring term. Students will also participate in a prospectus conference with members of the English faculty.
Dissertation Committee The chair of the committee will be from the Department of English Language and Literature; at least one current tenured or ladder faculty member in Black Studies must serve on the committee.
English and Early Modern Studies
Doctoral students in English Language and Literature may apply in the second term of graduate study to the Program in Early Modern Studies to pursue a combined Ph.D. degree in English and early modern studies. All requirements for the Ph.D. in English apply, with the following adjustments.
Coursework In years one and two, a student in the combined program will complete ten seminars in English, including ENGL 9090, The Teaching of English; two courses on early modern texts and/or topics; one course in each of two out of three additional historical periods (medieval, eighteenth- and/or nineteenth-century, and/or twentieth- and/or twenty-first century); and two seminars in early modern studies, including EMST 7000, Workshop in Early Modern Studies, and one seminar outside of English. Students also participate in EMST 8000/EMST 8001, the Early Modern Studies Colloquium.
Qualifying Examination Students will follow the usual procedures for oral qualifying exams in English, with the additional requirement that at least two of their four lists must concentrate on early modern texts and topics.
Prospectus In addition to enrolling in ENGL 9093, the English Department Prospectus Workshop, in fall, third-year students in the combined program will enroll in EMST 9000, Professional Skills Workshop.
Dissertation Committee At least one faculty member affiliated with the Program in Early Modern Studies must be on the committee. The chair of the committee will be from the Department of English Language and Literature, but students in the combined program are encouraged to include at least one faculty member from outside of English on their committees.
English and Film and Media Studies
The Department of English Language and Literature also offers, in conjunction with the Film and Media Studies Program, a combined Ph.D. degree in English language and literature and film and media studies. For further details, see Film and Media Studies.
English and History of Art
The Department of English Language and Literature also offers, in conjunction with the Department of the History of Art, a combined Ph.D. degree in English language and literature and history of art. The requirements are designed to emphasize the interdisciplinarity of the combined degree program.
Coursework In years one and two, a student in the combined program will complete sixteen courses: ten seminars in English, including ENGL 9090, The Teaching of English, and one course in at least three out of four designated historical periods (medieval, early modern, eighteenth– and/or nineteenth-century, twentieth– and/or twenty-first century), and six in history of art, including HSAR 5500, the First-Year Colloquium, and one course outside the student’s core area. Up to two cross-listed seminars may count toward the number in both units, reducing the total number of courses to fourteen.
Languages Two languages pertinent to the student’s field of study, to be determined and by agreement with the advisers and directors of graduate studies. Normally the language requirement will be satisfied by passing a translation exam administered by one of Yale’s language departments. One examination must be passed during the first year of study, the other by the end of the third year.
Qualifying Paper History of Art requires a qualifying paper in the spring term of the second year. The paper must demonstrate original research, a logical conceptual structure, stylistic lucidity, and the ability to successfully complete a Ph.D. dissertation. The qualifying paper will be evaluated by two professors from History of Art and one professor from English.
Qualifying Examination Written exam: addressing a question or questions having to do with a broad state-of-the-field or historiographic topic. Three hours, closed book, written by hand or on a non-networked computer. Oral exam: given one week after the written exam, covering four fields, including two in English (question periods of twenty minutes each, covering thirty texts each, representing three distinct fields of literary history) and three in history of art (twenty-five minutes each, fields to be agreed on in advance with advisers and DGS). Exam lists will be developed by the student in consultation with faculty examiners.
Teaching Two years of teaching—one course per term in years three and four—are required: two in English and two in History of Art.
Prospectus The dissertation prospectus must be approved by both English and History of Art. The colloquium will take place in the spring term of the third year of study. The committee will include at least one faculty member from each department. As is implied by its title, the colloquium is not an examination, but a meeting during which the student can present ideas to a faculty committee and receive advice from its members. The colloquium should be jointly chaired by the directors of graduate studies of both departments.
First Chapter Reading Students will participate in a first chapter reading (also known as a first chapter conference) normally within a year of advancing to candidacy (spring term of year four). The dissertation committee, including faculty members from both departments, will discuss the progress of the student’s work in a seminar-style format.
Dissertation Defense The hour-long defense is a serious intellectual conversation between the student and the committee. Present at the defense will be the student’s advisers, committee, and the directors of graduate studies in both English and History of Art; others may be invited to comment after the committee’s questioning is completed.
English and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
The Department of English Language and Literature also offers, in conjunction with the Program in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, a combined Ph.D. in English language and literature and women’s, gender, and sexuality studies. For further details, see Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies.
Master’s Degrees
M.Phil. Students may declare their intention in the first or second term of the third year to complete an M.Phil. degree instead of the Ph.D. Students must first submit a research proposal and may request a teaching waiver for the term in which they complete the research project, typically in the second term of the third year or the first term of the fourth year. Permission to pursue the M.Phil. en route to the Ph.D., without additional research leave, may be granted by special permission of the DGS and the GSAS dean's office.
M.A. (en route to the Ph.D.) Students enrolled in the Ph.D. program may receive the M.A. upon completion of seven courses with at least one grade of Honors and a maximum of one grade of Pass, and the passing of one foreign language.
Terminal Master’s Degree Program Students enrolled in the master’s degree program must complete either seven term courses or six term courses and a special project within the English department. One or two of these courses may be taken in other departments with approval of the DGS. There must be at least one grade of Honors, and there may not be more than one grade of Pass. Students must also demonstrate proficiency in one foreign language, as described under Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree, above.
Courses
ENGL 5040a / CPLT 5140a / GMAN 5140a, What the University Was Paul North
After this course, you might not know exactly where the university is going, but you should be able to say what it was once supposed to be, in its “modern” inception in Germany and in latter day materializations around the planet. The course is the interpretation of a particular dream. Who dreamed the dream of an institution that could be anywhere and contain everything important? How did its theorists think the unique nexus of power, economics, histories, and architecture that is, ideally at least, the university? How did they imagine it, given that it is a highly conflictual entity, riding the forefront of some transformations and at the same time codifying and regulating knowledges and social potentials? We read texts from the global archive called “critical university studies,” concentrating on articulations of the problems in theoretical texts. These include Kant’s Conflict of the Faculties, Schiller’s Letters on Aesthetic Education, Nietzsche’s Anti-Education, Derrida’s Eyes of the University, Willy Thayer’s Non-Modern Crisis of the Modern University, Fred Moten and Stefano Harney’s Undercommons, and Roderick Ferguson’s The Reorder of Things.
M 3:30pm-6:30pm
ENGL 5761a / AFAM 5610a / AMST 6612a / FREN 7610a, Caribbean Literary and Cultural Studies Marlene Daut
This course examines eighteenth- and nineteenth-century writing (in translation, where applicable) by writers from the Anglophone, Francophone, and Hispanophone islands that make up the Caribbean. Haitian independence in 1804 ushered in a vibrant and diverse print culture that included poetry, plays, newspapers, and historical writing. From the pages of La Gazette Royale d’Hayti (1811–1820), to the poems of Jean-Baptiste Romane (1807–1858), to the historical writings of Louis-Félix Boisrond-Tonnerre (1776–1806), to the operas of Juste Chanlatte (1766–1828), there arose a distinct nineteenth-century literary culture in Haiti. Beginning with national literary developments in Haiti, this course expands to consider writing from Barbados, Cuba, Trinidad, Jamaica, Antigua, and Bermuda. These writings, both fictional and non-fictional, help us to think about whether and/or how a coherent early Caribbean literary tradition developed across geographical, linguistic, national, and imperial lines.
W 9:25am-11:15am
ENGL 5820b / AMST 6627b / FILM 6020b / RLST 6600b, Media and Religion John Peters and Kathryn Lofton
Media and religion are devices of information and agencies of order. This course proceeds from the possible synonymy of its organizing terms, using as a form of weekly debate the relationship between media and religion. Readings think about how religion and media generate meanings about human doings and their relations with ecological and economic systems while also being constitutive parts of those systems. Students develop projects that allow them to explore a relationship between concept and subject in humanistic study.
M 3:30pm-5:20pm
ENGL 6137a / AFAM 8250a / AFST 9937a, African Urban Cultures: Mediations of the City Stephanie Newell
This course approaches the study of African cities and urbanization through the medium of diverse texts, including fiction, nonfiction, popular culture, film, and the arts, as well as scholarly work on African cities. Through these cultural “texts,” attention is given to everyday conceptualizations of the body and the environment, as well as to theoretical engagements with the African city. We study urban relationships as depicted in literature and popular media in relation to Africa's long history of intercultural encounters, including materials dating back to the 1880s and the 1930s. Previously ENGL 937.
M 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6500a / LING 5000a / MDVL 5700a, Old English I Emily Thornbury
The essentials of the language, some prose readings, and close study of several celebrated Old English poems.
MW 11:35am-12:50pm
ENGL 6502b / LING 5010b / MDVL 6051b, Beowulf and the Beowulf Complex Emily Thornbury
A close reading of Beowulf in Old English, within the modern and medieval critical landscapes. Prerequisite: a strong working knowledge of Old English (typically ENGL 500, or the equivalent).
M 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6535a / CPLT 5550a / MDVL 6035a, Postcolonial Middle Ages Marcel Elias
This course explores the intersections and points of friction between postcolonial studies and medieval studies. We discuss key debates in postcolonialism and medievalists’ contributions to those debates. We also consider postcolonial scholarship that has remained outside the purview of medieval studies. The overall aim is for students, in their written and oral contributions, to expand the parameters of medieval postcolonialism. Works by critics including Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Leela Gandhi, Lisa Lowe, Robert Young, and Priyamvada Gopal are read alongside medieval romances, crusade and jihād poetry, travel literature, and chronicles.
Th 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6576b / ITAL 6578b, Medieval Women Mystics: Piety and Disobedience Jessica Brantley and Jane Tylus
How was female sanctity practiced in medieval Europe? How did mystical engagement, in particular, spark both piety and disobedience? How was mysticism explored in writing and the arts by women themselves—especially those women who would challenge the status quo by asserting their own direct connections to the divine? Finally, how do we “access” these medieval minds today, and to what extent do contemporary theoretical concerns about gender identity, subjectivity, and alterity enable us to grapple with the intensely personal dynamics of mystical experience? We introduce these questions—and many others—in connection to the lives and works of five medieval women, beginning with Clare of Assisi, who fled her parents’ wealthy home in the middle of the night to join her radical neighbor, Francis. We consider the writings of Bridget of Sweden, Catherine of Siena, and Julian of Norwich, all formative figures in the crisis-ridden fourteenth century who unsettled the boundaries between private and public, religious and “profane.” Finally, we read the Book of Margery Kempe as a fifteenth-century record of how the mystical experiences of female saints inspired one bourgeois woman’s negotiation between her piety and her community. Historical, cultural, and religious topics to be considered include: the influence of the emerging vernaculars on religious movements and texts; the reassessment of Biblical figures such as Mary, Mary Magdalene, Judith, and Ruth; the impact of marginal, possibly heretical groups such as the Beguines; and the rise of the mendicant orders and the resulting changes to monastic and convent life. If our funding applications are successful, we take a course trip to England and Italy during spring break.
W 3:30pm-5:20pm
ENGL 6611a / EMST 5611a, Renaissance Material Performance Nicole Sheriko
This course surveys the wide range of early modern English performance from commercial drama (Shakespeare, Jonson, Marlowe) to court masques and street theater. Across this range, the course considers the materiality of performance, focused especially on theatrical objects, bodies, and spaces. Special attention is paid to intertheatrical ways these elements are recycled within and between performances to center theatrical matter as a physical and conceptual resource. Topics may include props, costumes, cosmetics, boy actors, puppetry, prosthesis, theater architecture, texts, animals, environment, and sensory experience. Readings offer an introduction to the practical craft of early modern theatermaking and critical frameworks for interrogating early modern materiality.
M 3:30pm-5:20pm
ENGL 6721a / EMST 5210a / PLSC 6720a, Edmund Burke and the Age of Empire David Bromwich
A partial survey of the political writings of Burke in the context of the theory of empire and of revolution. We emphasize his writings on India and France, which reveal a common theme: innovation—sudden change in a way of life—always depends on violence, whether its agents are internal or external to the society. We touch on a wider subject: the birth of modern ideology, from the demand for systematic excuses to justify empire and revolution.
T 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6742b / WGSS 7769b, Fiction, Didacticism, and Political Critique: 1789–1818 Jill Campbell
A study of writings that seek a specific effect in their reader—whether didactic instruction and moral formation, or an instigation to take action toward political change—and their uneasy alliance in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries with the literary genre of prose fiction. How do writings that seek to inform or reform the real person or the real world put fictional narratives to use? How is the genre of the novel shaped, explicitly or implicitly, by writing to a specific “end”? Texts include novels, tales for children, life-writing, poetry with a “cause,” polemical essays; possible authors include Olaudah Equiano, Edmund Burke, William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, Elizabeth Inchbald, Maria Edgeworth, Jane Austen, Anna Barbauld, and Mary Shelley.
W 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6774b, Henry James and Novel Theory Ruth Yeazell
A close reading of selected novels and tales by Henry James in light of critical and theoretical commentary from James's day to ours. Focus both on James's development as a novelist and on the history of novel criticism in the twentieth century.
M 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6830a, The Genre System Post-1945 Staff
This seminar considers the complex interactions between literary history and cultural history in the period from 1945 to the present. In the mid-twentieth-century US the “paperback revolution” coincided with “the new social movements.” How did these emergent cultural processes articulate with one another? We study the negotiations between the classical and mass cultural genre systems, the format-specific affordances of the paperback original, the speciation of genre fictions and consolidation of minority and ethnic literatures as publishing categories, the provincialization of literary fiction as one among many fiction genres, and the reincorporation of genre elements into literary fiction since then. Readings include literary theory, sociology of literature, and novels by authors like William Burroughs, Toni Morrison, Thomas Pynchon, Colson Whitehead, Carmen Maria Machado, and Torrey Peters.
Th 9:25am-11:15am
ENGL 6847a / AFAM 6227a, Black Environmental Thought Jonathan Howard
What if the greatest threat to life on Earth is not humanity in general, but the specific practice of human being indexed by whiteness? Since the advent of the “modern world,” race has been a defining, though often obscured, fault line along which the human enterprise has unfolded. So what would a racial accounting of humanity’s environmental harm entail? Who else are we as a species beyond the norms and aspirations enshrined by whiteness? And who must we become before Nature phases us out? If there is a future for humanity on Earth, it will not come apart from a serious reckoning with these questions. Guided by these questions, this course interrogates how the West has mutually imagined the category of the human as an aspiring independence from and dominion over Nature, on the one hand, and white, on the other. But beyond uncovering the unspoken whiteness of “the human” and its environmental harm, this course further takes up the alternative visions of human being and nature expressed within black nature writing. By undertaking a broad survey of this literary tradition, we consider the unique environmental perspectives of those, who, once considered no more than livestock, were the nature over which their masters ruled and consequently could not so easily imagine their humanity apart from it. Perhaps for this very reason, we may ultimately come to locate in black nature writing the resources for imagining a sustainable human life in nature, rather than apart from it.
W 3:30pm-5:20pm
ENGL 6860a / CPLT 8810a / WGSS 9960a, Literary Theory Caleb Smith
What is literary theory today, and what is its history? The aim of the course is to introduce students to central concepts in theory and explore their relation to method. We examine the variety of approaches available within the field of literary studies, including older ones such as Russian formalism, Critical Race Theory, New Criticism, deconstruction, Marxism, and psychoanalysis, as well as newer ones like actor-network theory and digital humanities research. We explore the basic tenets and histories of these theories in a way that is both critical and open-minded, and discuss their comparative advantages and pitfalls. The focus is on recurrent paradigms, arguments, and topics, and on transhistorical relations among our various schools of literary-theoretical thought. Readings might include work by René Wellek, Paul de Man, Jacques Derrida, Gayatri Spivak, Bruno Latour, Judith Butler, Northrop Frye, Fred Moten, and many others.
W 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 6868a, Literature and Political Modernity Joseph North
This course introduces students to a range of thinking about the relationship between literature and political modernity (meaning roughly, for this purpose, the period from the French Revolution to the present). Our guiding questions are: Where does the modern category of the “literary” come from, and what social purposes has it served What are the key features that characterize political modernity? How can we understand these literary developments and these political developments as part of a common process? We try especially to examine the relationship between the distinctively modern conception of literature as aesthetic writing and two of the key figures that have structured political modernity: the left-center-right spectrum and the concept of “the People.”
Th 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 9090b, The Teaching of English Sunny Xiang and Felisa Baynes-Ross
An introduction to the teaching of literature and of writing with attention to the history of the profession and to current issues in higher education such as the corporatization of the university, the role of the state in higher education, and the precarity of the humanities at the present time. Weekly seminars address a series of issues about teaching: guiding classroom discussion; introducing students to various literary genres; addressing race, class, and gender in the teaching of literature; formulating aims and assignments; grading and commenting on written work; lecturing and serving as a teaching assistant; preparing syllabuses and lesson plans. Formerly ENGL 990.
Th 9:25am-11:15am
ENGL 9091b, Public Criticism Workshop Juno Richards
A workshop in which graduate students develop their critical writing about literature and culture for nonspecialist audiences. We survey writing for diverse publics in a range of venues in order to explore the formal and intellectual possibilities of criticism today, as well as in the recent past. Students experiment in forms such as the book review, long-form essay, lyric essay, and profile. Questions discussed include how to convey specialized knowledge to a broad audience; how to establish and manage style, voice, and address; how to combine criticism and reporting or narrative; how magazine editors select and develop the writing they publish; how to edit writing for publication; how to pitch a piece. We host class visits from editors and writers. Applications, including a short writing sample and short personal statement describing the student’s interest in public writing, are reviewed in fall 2025 for participation in the spring 2026 workshop.
W 1:30pm-3:20pm
ENGL 9092a, Advanced Pedagogy Heather Klemann
Training for graduate students teaching introductory expository writing. Students plan a course of their own design on a topic of their own choosing, and they then put theories of writing instruction into practice by teaching a writing seminar. Prerequisite: open only to graduate students teaching ENGL 114.
HTBA
ENGL 9093a, Prospectus Workshop Elleza Kelley
A workshop in which students develop, draft, revise, and present their dissertation prospectuses, open to all third-year Ph.D. students in English.
M 3:30pm-5:20pm
ENGL 9095a, Directed Reading Staff
Designed to help fill gaps in students’ programs when there are corresponding gaps in the department’s offerings. By arrangement with faculty and with the approval of the DGS.
HTBA