Pharmacology
Sterling Hall of Medicine B316, 203.785.7469
http://medicine.yale.edu/pharm
M.S., M.Phil., Ph.D.
Chair
Mark Lemmon (SHM B 203/WC ABC-301B, mark.lemmon@yale.edu)
Directors of Graduate Studies
David Calderwood (SHM B 395C, 203.737.2311, david.calderwood@yale.edu)
Kathryn Ferguson (WC ABC-305C/SHM B 226C, kathryn.ferguson@yale.edu)
Professors Karen Anderson, Anton Bennett, David Calderwood, Yung-Chi Cheng, Joseph Contessa (Therapeutic Radiology), Craig Crews (Mollecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology), Barbara Ehrlich, Jonathan Ellman, Seth Herzon (Chemistry), Leonard Kaczmarek, Irit Lax, Mark Lemmon, Elias Lolis, Kathleen Martin (Cardiovascular Medicine), Angus Nairn (Psychiatry), Joseph Schlessinger, Dianqing Wu
Associate Professors Titus Boggon, Jason Cai (Radiology and Biomedical Imaging), Kathryn Ferguson, Daryl Klein, Yansheng Liu, Ya Ha, Faye Rogers (Therapeutic Radiology), Benjamin Turk
Assistant Professors Claudio Alarcón, Assaf Alon, Moitrayee Bhattacharyya, Joel Butterwick, Sangwon Lee, Ken Loh (Comparative Medicine), Wei Mi
Fields of Study
Major emphases in the Pharmacology Graduate Program are in the areas of molecular pharmacology, mechanisms of drug action, signal transduction, structural biology, infectious diseases, neuropharmacology, and chemotherapy.
To enter the Ph.D. program, students should apply to the interdepartmental graduate program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), https://medicine.yale.edu/bbs, and select one of the interest-based tracks. Most students interested in a Ph.D. in pharmacology select the Translational Molecular Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology (TMMPP) or the Biochemistry, Quantitative Biology, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (BQBS) tracks.
Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree
The field of pharmacology encompasses many disciplines. Flexibility in the Pharmacology Graduate Program permits students to concentrate in the areas of their particular interest. Students are required to take at least five courses. Students must take both terms of the graduate seminar course (PHAR 501 and PHAR 502) or equivalent courses from another program. The other three required courses are selected based on the interest of each student, but must include at least one of the following core courses: PHAR 504, PHAR 528, PHAR 529, MB&B 720, MB&B 752, or other DGS-approved BBS courses. Students are also required to do three laboratory rotations in their first year (PHAR 506). The graduate school requires a grade of Honors for a minimum of two courses. Honors for rotations cannot be used toward this requirement and only one Honors grade from PHAR 501/PHAR 502 can count toward this requirement. Students must meet this Honors requirement prior to being admitted to candidacy and must maintain an overall High Pass average. A grade of Honors or High Pass is required for the selected core courses. Student progress toward these goals is reviewed at the end of the second and subsequent terms.
Prior to registering for a second year of study, students must successfully complete PHAR 580, The Responsible Conduct of Research, or the equivalent from another department. In addition, B&BS 503, RCR Refresher for Senior BBS Students, must be completed by the end of the fourth year. PHAR 580 and B&BS 503 do not count towards the five required courses.
Students are required to pass the qualifying examination by the end of their fourth term. In preparation for this, Pharmacology Graduate Program students must take PHAR 540, Developing and Writing a Scientific Research Proposal, in the spring term of their second year (this does not count toward the five-course requirement). Before the end of the third year, a thesis prospectus must be submitted and accepted for admission to candidacy. Once a student's original doctoral dissertation research is largely complete, they give an oral presentation to the Pharmacology faculty (pre-defense) for approval. Within six months of passing the pre-defense, the student must submit a preliminary written thesis to the thesis committee and an outside reader. A public Ph.D. dissertation seminar will then be scheduled, followed by a closed examination by the student’s thesis committee and the outside examiner. Once the draft of the written thesis is approved by the thesis committee, it is submitted to the Graduate School. One first-author manuscript is required from the thesis research. The Pharmacology Graduate Program faculty recognizes that some types of thesis-related work can take a long time. If deemed necessary, with agreement across the faculty that the student has made substantial progress in a project of this sort, the faculty can exempt a student from the one first-author paper requirement.
An important aspect of graduate training in pharmacology is the acquisition of teaching skills through participation in teaching courses related to the student’s scientific interests. These opportunities can be drawn from a diverse menu of lecture, laboratory, and seminar courses given at the undergraduate, graduate, and medical school levels. Ph.D. students are required to participate in two terms (or the equivalent) of teaching. Students are not expected to teach during their first year.
M.D.-Ph.D. Students
M.D.-Ph.D. students must satisfy all of the above requirements for the Ph.D. with the following modifications: (1) only two of three laboratory rotations are required; (2) some medical-school courses (except pharmacology) can qualify as graduate-school courses as long as the M.D.-Ph.D. student registers for them in OCS (Online Course Selection); and (3) only one term of teaching is required. Current graduate-school courses cannot be used to fulfill any medical-school course requirements.
Master’s Degrees
M.Phil. See Degree Requirements under Policies and Regulations.
M.S. Students who withdraw from the Ph.D. program may be eligible to receive the M.S. degree if they have met the requirements and have not already received the M.Phil. degree. For the M.S., students must successfully complete the first three terms of the Ph.D. program. This includes one year of lab rotations and course requirements.
Program materials are available upon request to the Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, PO Box 208066, New Haven CT 06520-8066.
Courses
PHAR 5501a and PHAR 5502b / C&MP 5629a and C&MP 5630b / PATH 5679a and PATH 5680b / PTB 5629a and PTB 5630b, Seminar in Molecular Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology Staff
Readings and discussion on a diverse range of current topics in molecular medicine, pharmacology, and physiology. The class emphasizes analysis of primary research literature and development of presentation and writing skills. Contemporary articles are assigned on a related topic every week, and a student leads discussions with input from faculty who are experts in the topic area. The overall goal is to cover a specific topic of medical relevance (e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration) from the perspective of three primary disciplines (i.e., physiology: normal function; pathology: abnormal function; and pharmacology: intervention). Required of and open only to Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. students in the Molecular Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology track.
M 2pm-4:30pm
PHAR 5503b / C&MP 5503b / PATH 5503b / PTB 5503b, Responsible Conduct of Research, 4th-Year Refresher Staff
The NIH requires that students receive training in the responsible conduct of research every four years. This mandatory course meets that requirement for fourth-year students. The course meets a total of eight hours (four two-hour) sessions. Faculty facilitate discussions based on RCR topics.
HTBA
PHAR 5504a / PTB 5504a, Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Actions Wei Mi and Karen Anderson
This course provides fundamental background in core principles of pharmacology, molecular mechanisms of drug action, and important research areas in contemporary pharmacology. Material covered includes quantitative topics in pharmacology such as drug-receptor theory, multiple equilibria and kinetics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and drug metabolism. Specific content on the mechanisms of drug action includes autonomics; ion channel blockers; endocrine agents (hormones); cardiovascular drugs (ACE inhibitors, organic nitrates, β-blockers, acetylsalicylic acid); antimicrobials (anti-bacterials, fungals, and virals); anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthma, and anti-allergy drugs; and immunosuppressants. Students learn how to model drug-receptor interaction parameters and how to analyze steady-state enzyme kinetics and inhibition data. Senior students serving as teaching assistants lead discussion groups covering problem sets, review topics or assigned manuscripts. The course includes a self-study component consisting of video modules produced in collaboration with Yale faculty and Merck that explore the preclinical and clinical phases of drug development.
MW 10:40am-11:55am
PHAR 5511a and PHAR 5512b / C&MP 5511a and C&MP 5512b / PATH 5620a and PATH 5622b / PTB 5620a and PTB 5622b, Laboratory Rotations Staff
TMMPP laboratory rotations, fall term.
HTBA
PHAR 5537a, Systems Pharmacology and Integrated Therapeutics Kathryn Ferguson
This course provides an in-depth, “hands-on” experience in drug design, drug discovery, high-throughput screening, state-of-the-art proteomics, and target validation.
TTh 9:15am-10:45am
PHAR 5538a, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neuropharmacology Jason Cai
This course is designed to give a historic account of drug discovery and development for brain diseases, introduce methods to understand the pharmacological mechanisms of drugs working on neurological systems, and inspire young generations to join the endeavor of drug discovery and development for brain diseases. It is designed for advanced graduate students, postdocs, and residents with basic knowledge in chemistry, pharmacology, and neuroscience. The lecturers and guest lecturers are leading experts in the field of PET and MR imaging, and industry leaders in pharmaceutical science. This course also introduces the applications of advanced imaging technologies (PET, MRI) in the study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CNS drugs in humans and its implications to our understanding of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Each class constitutes a forty-five-minute didactic lecture and a thirty-minute interactive discussion section. The classroom activities are expected to prepare students for their future endeavor in the field of neuropharmacology. Open to students second-year and up.
MW 12:15pm-1:30pm
PHAR 5580b / C&MP 5650b / PATH 5660b / PTB 5650b, The Responsible Conduct of Research Barbara Ehrlich
Organized to foster discussion, the course is taught by faculty in the Pharmacology, Pathology, and Physiology departments and two or three senior graduate students. Each session is based on case studies from primary literature, reviews, and two texts: Francis Macrina’s Scientific Integrity and Kathy Barker’s At the Bench. Each week, students are required to submit a reaction paper discussing the reading assignment. Students take turns leading the class discussion; a final short paper on a hot topic in bioethics is required.
Th 11am-12:15pm